Tuesday 21 February 2023

Ravanaphadi Cave / Ravanaphadi Cave Shrine / ராவனபாடி குடைவரை கோயில், Aihole, Bagalkot District, Karnataka.

The visit to this Ravanapahadi Cave at Aihole was a part of “Hampi, Badami, Pattadakal, Mahakuta and Aihole temples Heritage visit” organized by வரலாறு விரும்பிகள் சங்கம் Varalaru Virumbigal Sangam – VVS and எண்திசை வரலாற்று மரபு நடைக்குழு, between 24th December to 28th December 2022. I extend my sincere thanks to the organizers Mrs Radha and Mrs Nithya Senthil Kumar and Mr Senthil Kumar.


HISTORY OF AIHOLE
Aihole, is located in Hungund taluk of Bagalkot district in northern Karnataka.  Situated on the bank of the river Malaprabha, Aihole was the cultural capital during the period of the Western Chalukya dynasty of Badami ( 543-757 CE ) founded by Pulakeshi-I ( 543-566 CE ) with Vätäpi - Bādāmi as the capital latter led by Pulakeshi-II ( 610-642 CE ) and latter the succeeded by Rashtrakuta’s of Malkhed ( 757-950 CE ) and the Chalukya’s of Kalyana ( 950-1250 CE ).The town had trading and administrative importance with a guild known as Ayyavole AinooRRuvar, ( a guild of 500 elders ) mentioned in numerous ancient inscriptions. Hence this place is known as the cradle of the South Indian Architecture.

The legend
The name Ayyavolal is derived from Aryavolal or Aryapura (the valley of the elders). In the local language, it is known as Aivalli /Aiholli.

As per the legend, Parashurama, after killing the kshatriya-s, is said to have washed his axe in the Malaprabha river. The waters of the river turned red due to blood, causing the people to exclaim, "Ai Holi" ( Ai, the river...!!! ). Hence the name Aiholi, which has got corrupted to the present name of Aihole.

TEMPLES OF AIHOLE COMPLEX
The Aihole Temple complex consists of about 6 temples which are constructed during early Chalukyas since mid fifth Century. There are about 50 temples within the fortification alone and there are more than 50 temple can be seen out side. Some of the temples visited during our Heritage Visit are….

1. Durga Temple
2. Surya Narayana Temple
3. Ladkhan Temple
4. Gaudaragudi / Gaudara Temple
5. Chakra Gudi
6. Badiger Gudi
7. Ravanaphadi Cave
8. Huchchimalli Temple, Ravana phadi.

ரவனபாடி குடைவரை….. 
ஐஹொளேவில் இருக்கும் காலத்தால் முற்பட்ட குடைவரையாக இது கருதப்படுகிறதுசிறிய குன்றை தேர்ந்தெடுத்து குடைந்துள்ளனர்இதன் காலம் 6ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு என வரையறுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதுசிவனுக்காக இந்த குடைவரை எடுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளதுமகாமண்டபத்தில் இரண்டு தூண்கள் உள்ளதுதசபூஜ சதுர தாண்டவ மூர்த்தி காணப்படுகிறார்இவருக்கு அருகே கணபதியும்இளைய பிள்ளையான குமரனுக்கு அருகே பார்வதி தேவியும் உள்ளனர்எழு அன்னையர்களும் பிராமிமகேஸ்வரிகௌமாரிவைஷ்ணவிவராகிஇந்திராணிசாமுண்டி இங்கே நின்ற கோலத்தில் தாண்டவ சிவனின் இருபுறமும் காணப்படுகின்றனர்வராகமூர்த்திஒற்றை காலில் நின்று தவம் புரியும் பகீரதனுக்கு சிவனும் உமையும் காட்சி கொடுப்பதுவிஷ்ணு தனது தேவியர்களுடன் அமர்ந்திருப்பதுசூலம் ஏந்திய சிவன்அரிஅரன்சூலமும் மழுவும் ஏந்திய சிவன்அர்த்தநாரிமகிஷனை வதம் செய்யும் தேவி போன்ற சிற்பங்கள் இங்கே காணப்படுகிறதுமேற்கூரையில் அழகிய தாமரை பதக்கம் / Medallion ஒன்று காணப்படுகிறதுகருவறைக்கு உள்ளே சதுர ஆவுடை மீது லிங்க திருமேனி காணப்படுகிறதுகுடைவரைக்கு வெளியே சிவனின் வாகனமான இடபம் சிவனை நோக்கி அமர்ந்தவாறு உள்ளதுகுடைவரை வாயிலின் இரு புறமும் சங்க நிதி மற்றும் பத்ம நிதி அமர்ந்தவாறு உள்ளனர்.


இரு புறமும் சங்க நிதி மற்றும் பத்ம நிதி அமர்ந்தவாறு உள்ளனர்
A part of saptamatrikas
A part of saptamatrikas
A part of saptamatrikas

This Ravanaphadi Cave shrine is little away from the Aihole Group of temples and after the Huchchimalli Gudi. Also called 'Ravalaphadi' this is a rock-cut shrine and is a Shiavalaya but smaller than the Badami ones. A Sthamba, the amalaka of the subsidiary temple and Rishabam are in front of the cave. Its exterior is simple with four pillars and Padma nidhi and Shankha nidhi. It has a rectangular frontage and square inner wall. But the interior has on its wall tall dancing Shiva with ten hands, equally tall saptamatrikas standing on both sides observing Shiva's dance, rows of beautiful ganas and figures of Varaha, Mahishamardini, Shiva, Maha Vishnu, Ardhanareeswarar,  dwarapalakas and other artistic slender figures and this is assigned to the 6th century.


The garbagruha has a Shivalinga with its peeda and they are monolithic / mother rock. On the walls on the seated on varaha's should outside the cave a there is a platform for Rishabam in fine with the Shiva Lingam in the garbhagruha and a monolithic pillar. There are two subsidiary shrines on both side of the cave.


The man made structure on the top of the rock is believed to be a Dolmen, a memorial of Stone age burial. ( Below photograph )

Dolmen, above the rock cut cave shrine

Ref
1. A Hand book on World Heritage Series Badami, published by Archaeological  Survey of India. 
2. A Hand book on Hampi, Badami, Pattadakal & Aihole issued by VVS in Tamil. 
3. Temple architecture and Art of Early Chalukyas Badami, Pattadakal, Mahakuta, Aihole by George Michell.

LOCATION OF THE TEMPLE  : CLICK HERE

Monolithic pillar infront of the cave
 Shiva with Parvati and Bagirathan as Gangadhara murti

 Shiva & Maha Vishnu


 Mahishamardini
 Maha Vishnu as Bhu Varahar

 Shiva's dance
 Dwarapalaka

--- OM SHIVAYA NAMA ---

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